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Question
An action is pending in Cebu City between VerdeTech, Inc. (Philippine corporation) and Nordic Agro AB (Sweden). The court issues a Letter Rogatory to Stockholm for the testimony of two witnesses. The Swedish authorities conduct the examinations by videoconference, record the proceedings, and provide transcripts in Swedish with certified English translations and a certificate of authenticity. The Philippines receives the records. The defense objects that: (a) the translations were not provided in Filipino or English; (b) the foreign proceedings did not provide Philippine counsel with the right to cross-examine; (c) the Letter Rogatory did not specify counsel rights; (d) the certificate of authenticity was not attached to the translations; (e) the translations were not certified. Are the foreign-taken evidences admissible? (a) Identify the controlling rule and the standard for admissibility under Sec. 20. (b) Apply the rule to these facts and decide whether the evidence should be admitted or excluded, explaining the grounds.