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0 tracked cards Remedial Law, Legal and Judicial Ethics, with Practical Exercises

During a supermarket robbery, a security guard testifies that the suspect glanced toward the emergency exit, tightened his grip on a bag, and stepped toward the door as the incident unfolded. The guard adds, "I think he intended to flee with the merchandise." Under Rule 130, Part C (Opinion Rule) of the Philippine Rules of Evidence, which of the following statements is correct regarding the admissibility of the guard's testimony?

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The guard’s statement about intent is admissible under the Opinion Rule because it is a reasonable inference from his perception, making it permissible. Both the outward observations and the stated intent are admissible as lay opinions if the witness explains the basis of the mental-state inference. The guard’s observations that the suspect glanced toward the emergency exit and tightened his grip on the bag and stepped toward the door are admissible as lay opinions grounded in perception; the statement that he intended to flee is inadmissible as a lay opinion because it expresses a mental state not directly observed. All three elements—the outward observations and the claimed intent—are admissible as lay opinions because the witness can express impressions of observed behavior and draw inferences about intent from those observations.

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