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Question
In a civil action for collection of a debt, Plaintiff P sues Defendant C, a corporation, for ₱630,000. The company's Treasurer, using C's letterhead, writes a memo dated January 10, 2025: "We acknowledge owing ₱630,000 to P and promise to pay the full amount by February 28, 2025." The memo is kept in C's accounts-payable file. Plaintiff offers the memo as (1) a party-opponent admission, and (2) a business record kept in the ordinary course of business. Defendant objects on hearsay and contends it cannot be admitted for multiple purposes. (a) Identify the doctrine of multiple admissibility and explain its reach in Philippine evidence law. (b) For each proposed use, specify the governing ground(s) and the essential conditions for admissibility. (c) Applying the doctrine to these facts, should the court admit the memo for both proposed uses? If admitted, what limiting instructions or cautions, if any, should accompany its use?