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A city police officer, accompanied by a private mall security guard, witnesses a man snatch a shopper’s backpack on a busy street. The suspect runs into a private mall lobby and is arrested inside the mall premises without a warrant. There is no immediate danger to life or limb. The arrestee resists briefly but is subdued and brought to the station for custodial interrogation. He moves to suppress his statements and any evidence obtained as a result of the arrest. (a) Identify the controlling rule on warrantless arrests and apply it to these facts; is the arrest lawful without a warrant? (b) If the arrest is unlawful, discuss the admissibility of the suspect’s statements and any physical or documentary evidence obtained as a result of the arrest. (c) Discuss ethical considerations raised by the involvement of a private security guard and the manner of the arrest.