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Question
Judge Renan C. Dizon, RTC Branch 17, Manila, issues a warrant of arrest dated May 5, 2025, for accused Miguel Santos alias Migs for the offense of robbery with frustrated homicide. The warrant is directed to any peace officer in the Philippines, names the accused (Miguel Santos) and his alias, identifies the offense, bears the judge’s signature and the court seal, and orders the arrest and production before the issuing court. The warrant, however, is issued without any accompanying affidavit of probable cause or oath/affirmation detailing the facts constituting probable cause, and there is no attached record of the information or complaint supporting the issuance. On May 6, 2025, at 04:15 AM, a police officer executes the warrant by forcibly arresting Santos at his residence in Manila. Santos moves to suppress all evidence obtained from the arrest and to secure his immediate release, arguing the arrest was illegal. (a) Identify the requisites for a valid warrant of arrest and indicate which are missing or defective in this scenario. (b) What are the appropriate remedies or outcomes if the warrant is defective? Explain the controlling rule, apply it to the facts, and state the conclusion.