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City of Limasawa passes Ordinance No. 2027-DRN, the Urban Drone Regulation Ordinance. It prohibits the operation of any unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) within city limits unless the operator holds a permit issued by the City Security Office; it prohibits flights within two kilometers of airports, government buildings, and critical infrastructure; and it imposes penalties including confiscation of the drone, substantial fines, and possible imprisonment for violations. The mayor signs the ordinance. A drone-operating company challenges the measure via a petition for certiorari, arguing that the city has no authority to regulate airspace or drone flights, since such matters fall within the exclusive regulatory domain of the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP) under national aviation laws. The city contends that local governments have police power to regulate local nuisances affecting health, safety, and welfare, and may enact local restrictions that do not conflict with national law, including local measures governing drone use within the city. In your answer, (a) identify the controlling doctrine or rules governing local legislation; (b) distinguish the controlling rule from related concepts; and (c) apply the doctrine to the facts to determine whether Ordinance No. 2027-DRN is intra vires or ultra vires, and discuss the effect on third parties, including possible remedies.