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X commits libel against Y; a criminal case for libel is filed against X. Before the court resolves the case, Y and X sign a written compromise for PHP 30,000, whereby Y waives any civil claim arising from the offense and X pays the amount; the court then approves the compromise.   (a)Identify the doctrine governing extinction of civil liability ex delicto implicated by these facts. (b)Does the court-approved compromise extinguish the civil liability ex delicto? Explain the conditions required for validity and the role of court approval. (c)If the compromise had not been approved by the court, would the civil liability still be extinguished?